Semester+1+Final+Review

Semester Final Reveiw: This review contains some terms and concepts which will be included on the semester 1 final. I suggest you study the chapter vocabulary and take a look at the study guide and end of chapter questions for each chapter we covered within the first semester as well as the items listed below. Good luck!

Scientists (review thier contributions to Bio): Hooke, Von Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, Aristotle, Linnaeus, Mendel

Chapter 2 Chemistry: atomic number-what does it tell you protons, neutrons, electrons-how do I find each one based on the periodic table how many naturally occuring elements are there? covalent and ionic bonds single, double, and triple bonds electron clouds Hydrogen bonding

Chapter 3 Bio chem: What is CHON? (Significance to life) What is the formula for glucose? What do we use it for? What are amino acids? What do they build? What are lipids? Give some examples. Monomers and polymers, monosaccharide, disaccharide enzymes, substrates, catalysts glycogen, cellulose, sucrose, fructose, carbohydrate, starch functional groups Polarity

Chapter 1 and 4 the microscope and cell: (A large portion of the final is on this chapter) What are the differences between light microscopes, TEM and SEM? Resolution Cell organelles and functions plastids (colors) Differences between plant and animal cells Differences in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Endocytosis, Exocytosis Secretion and excreation cell surface to volume ratio be able to lable parts of a cell (plant and animal) Make-up of the cell membrane (and their functions) cells-tissue-organs-organ systems Types of tissues

Chapter 5 (osmosis and diffusion) Water properties osmosis diffusion polarity suspension capillary action adhesion, cohesion hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic homeostasis active and passive transport selectivly permeable plasmolysis cytolysis hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)

Chapter 6 & 7 Cellular respiration and photosynthesis Which cell organell does respiration occur in? What is glycolysis, fermentation How is pyruvic acid formed? What does glycolysis net? formula for photosynthesis and respiration What process occurs if there is no oxygen present following glycolysis? What process occurs if there is oxygen present? aerobic/anaerobic respiration What is known as the hydrogen "acceptor" during respiration How many ATP are produced from: 1 NADH 1 FADH glycolysis fermentation total from one glucose molecule going through respiration (krebs cycle) how many carbons are in citric acid? what are by-products from respiration co-enzyme A ADP + P = ATP Electron transport train heterotrophs/autotrophs

Chapter 8 and 10.1: Chromosomes, Chromatin, chromatid, DNA, Centrosome, Centromere Mitosis cycle and outcome (which types of cells perform mitosis?) Interphase (G1, S, G2, G0) Meiosis cycle outcome and which types of cells perform meiosis How is DNA replicated? Polymerase, helicase, replication fork What makes up DNA? what are the nitrogen base pairs crossing over

Chapter 9 genetics: Who is Mendel? What did he study? What are traits, heredity, strains P1 generation, F1 and F2 generations Heterozygous, homozygous recessive/dominant Incomplete and co-dominance

Chapter 18: Taxonomy 7 categories what are they and give an example of each one binomial nomenclature latin __Genus species__ cytochrome c

Other items to review: scientific method variable, theory, experiment, control, observations, data, experimental factor.